{"id":13339,"date":"2020-06-04T08:22:59","date_gmt":"2020-06-04T06:22:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/?p=13339"},"modified":"2020-11-14T15:42:10","modified_gmt":"2020-11-14T14:42:10","slug":"qui-etait-tom-cruise-dernier-samourai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/blog\/2020\/06\/04\/qui-etait-tom-cruise-dernier-samourai\/","title":{"rendered":"Qui \u00e9tait Tom Cruise dans \u00ab Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef \u00bb ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Bonjour \u00e0 tous ! Aujourd&rsquo;hui je c\u00e8de la parole \u00e0 <em>Simon Coyac<\/em> pour un article historique sur un film que vous avez s\u00fbrement tous d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu : Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef.<\/p><p>Bonne lecture !<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/banniere_600.jpg\" alt=\"Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef : Qui \u00e9tait r\u00e9ellement Tom Cruise ?\" class=\"wp-image-13381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/banniere_600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/banniere_600-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class='code-block code-block-6' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'>\n<style>\n@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {\n .tabknock td {\n    display: block;\n  }\n}\n.div-para {\nmargin: 0 0 10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:3px solid #cc2626; padding: 0 10% 0 10%; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius:10px; table-layout: fixed;\">\n<table class=\"tabknock\" style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom:15px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left; color: #3a3a3a; font-size: 28px !important; font-family: ABeeZee, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-top:20px; text-transform:capitalize; line-height: 120%;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>CIRCUIT DE 23 MINUTES<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 200px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 6px 20px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19);\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/KNOCKOUT-program-affiche-200x300.png\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 10%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 1.8;\" align=\"left\">\n<div class=\"div-para\"><span style=\"color: #006600; font-size: 1.2em;\">\u2705<\/span> Gratuit<\/div>\n<div class=\"div-para\"><span style=\"color: #006600; 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}\n#mailpoet_form_4 .mailpoet_form_loading { width: 30px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; }\n#mailpoet_form_4 .mailpoet_form_loading > span { width: 5px; height: 5px; background-color: #5b5b5b; }#mailpoet_form_4{;}#mailpoet_form_4 .mailpoet_message {margin: 0; padding: 0 20px;}#mailpoet_form_4 .mailpoet_paragraph.last {margin-bottom: 0} @media (max-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_4 {background-image: none;}} @media (min-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_4 .last .mailpoet_paragraph:last-child {margin-bottom: 0}}  @media (max-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_4 .mailpoet_form_column:last-child .mailpoet_paragraph:last-child {margin-bottom: 0}} \n    <\/style>\n\n    <form\n      target=\"_self\"\n      method=\"post\"\n      action=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-admin\/admin-post.php?action=mailpoet_subscription_form\"\n      class=\"mailpoet_form mailpoet_form_form mailpoet_form_shortcode\"\n      novalidate\n      data-delay=\"\"\n      data-exit-intent-enabled=\"\"\n      data-font-family=\"\"\n      data-cookie-expiration-time=\"\"\n    >\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"data[form_id]\" value=\"4\" \/>\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"token\" value=\"af38e20d42\" \/>\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"api_version\" value=\"v1\" \/>\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"endpoint\" value=\"subscribers\" \/>\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"mailpoet_method\" value=\"subscribe\" \/>\n\n      <label class=\"mailpoet_hp_email_label\" style=\"display: none !important;\">Veuillez laisser ce champ vide<input type=\"email\" name=\"data[email]\"\/><\/label><div class=\"mailpoet_paragraph\"><label for=\"form_email_4\" class=\"mailpoet-screen-reader-text\" data-automation-id=\"form_email_label\" >E-mail <span class=\"mailpoet_required\">*<\/span><\/label><input type=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\" class=\"mailpoet_text\" id=\"form_email_4\" name=\"data[form_field_OWM5M2Y0YjNjN2M3X2VtYWls]\" title=\"E-mail\" value=\"\" data-automation-id=\"form_email\"  placeholder=\"E-mail *\" data-parsley-required=\"true\" data-parsley-minlength=\"6\" data-parsley-maxlength=\"150\" data-parsley-type-message=\"Cette valeur doit \u00eatre un e-mail valide.\" data-parsley-errors-container=\".mailpoet_error_email_\" data-parsley-required-message=\"Ce champ est n\u00e9cessaire.\"\/><\/div>\n<div class=\"mailpoet_paragraph\"><input type=\"submit\" class=\"mailpoet_submit\" value=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger\" data-automation-id=\"subscribe-submit-button\" style=\"border-color:transparent;\" \/><span class=\"mailpoet_form_loading\"><span class=\"mailpoet_bounce1\"><\/span><span class=\"mailpoet_bounce2\"><\/span><span class=\"mailpoet_bounce3\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"mailpoet_message\">\n        <p class=\"mailpoet_validate_success\"\n                style=\"display:none;\"\n                >Merci d&#039;avoir choisi KNOCKOUT Program.\nV\u00e9rifiez \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent votre boite de r\u00e9ception.\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"mailpoet_validate_error\"\n                style=\"display:none;\"\n                >        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n\n      <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un film de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le film d\u2019Edward Zwick <a href=\"http:\/\/www.allocine.fr\/film\/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=46943.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef<\/a>, dans lequel l\u2019acteur Tom Cruise tient le r\u00f4le principal est une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans le cin\u00e9ma de genre d\u2019arts martiaux notamment depuis ceux d\u2019Akira Kurosawa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce film magnifique aux impressionnantes sc\u00e8nes d\u2019actions est tir\u00e9 de faits existants, mais n\u2019est cependant pas une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sur le plan historique. Si le sc\u00e9nario s\u2019inspire de l\u2019aventure militaire d\u2019une mission fran\u00e7aise envoy\u00e9e au Japon sur ordre de Napol\u00e9on III, pour former et encadrer les arm\u00e9es de Tokugawa Yoshinobu, le r\u00e9alisateur a pris certaines libert\u00e9s avec la v\u00e9ritable histoire. Parmi les principaux points, on rel\u00e8vera des erreurs majeures et quelques incoh\u00e9rences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef - Bande Annonce Officielle (VF) - Tom Cruise \/ Ken Watanabe\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7Gd6Y38VGLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 derri\u00e8re le Dernier Samoura\u00ef<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le th\u00e8me du Dernier Samoura\u00ef est librement adapt\u00e9 de la guerre civile qui \u00e9clata au 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle dans un Japon alors en pleine p\u00e9riode d\u2019instabilit\u00e9 politique, nomm\u00e9e \u00ab guerre de Boshin \u00bb, et de l\u2019histoire d\u2019un officier fran\u00e7ais, Jules Brunet, un polytechnicien sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans le g\u00e9nie militaire qui, \u00e0 partir de 1868 avec plusieurs compagnons d\u2019armes fran\u00e7ais, refusa de quitter le pays afin de rester fid\u00e8le au Shogun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"574\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/574px-Samurai_with_sword.jpg\" alt=\"Samoura\u00ef\" class=\"wp-image-13386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/574px-Samurai_with_sword.jpg 574w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/574px-Samurai_with_sword-239x300.jpg 239w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Shogun \u00e9tant un titre accord\u00e9 au plus puissant des chefs des clans guerriers, ils furent les v\u00e9ritables ma\u00eetres du Japon de 1192 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la restauration des pouvoirs imp\u00e9riaux en 1868 (1). Yoshinobu Tokugawa \u00e9tait le dernier shogun du Japon. Il faisait partie d\u2019un mouvement qui visait \u00e0 r\u00e9former le shogunat et avait \u00e0 ce titre, \u00e9tablit des contacts diplomatiques avec la France, Napol\u00e9on III ayant alors accept\u00e9 de participer \u00e0 la construction de l\u2019arsenal japonais et d\u2019envoyer une mission militaire dirig\u00e9e par le capitaine Jules Chanoine et charg\u00e9e d\u2019instruire les troupes aux techniques de guerre en usage \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&rsquo;adaptation cin\u00e9matographique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Edward Zwick adapte donc Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef par rapport \u00e0 cette histoire. Dans son \u0153uvre, l\u2019histoire se situe en 1876 et met en sc\u00e8ne Nathan Algren, un capitaine exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 qui, apr\u00e8s avoir servi dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine contre les tribus indiennes, est appel\u00e9 \u00e0 entra\u00eener les troupes nippones de l\u2019empereur Meiji. Ce dernier souhaite en effet moderniser sa nation et se heurte \u00e0 une caste de guerriers qui sont de farouches gardiens de la tradition f\u00e9odale : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/blog\/2017\/10\/22\/origine-du-jujitsu-traditionnel\/\">les Samoura\u00efs<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lors d\u2019une bataille opposant les Samoura\u00efs aux bataillons de la nouvelle arm\u00e9e, Nathan Algren est bless\u00e9 et captur\u00e9 puis emprisonn\u00e9 un temps dans leur village, dirig\u00e9 par un certain \u00ab Katsumoto \u00bb. Il va alors petit \u00e0 petit se familiariser \u00e0 leurs coutumes puis se battre \u00e0 leurs c\u00f4t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qui est v\u00e9ritablement Nathan Algren ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le film ne porte que sur un seul personnage or l\u2019alternative du capitaine \u00e9tait certes individuelle, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pas isol\u00e9e, car Jules Brunet n\u2019est pas seul dans son choix, mais entour\u00e9 de compagnons d\u2019armes de la m\u00eame nationalit\u00e9 (Fortant, Marlin, Cazeneuve, Bouffier) qui choisirent comme lui de rester au Japon et de continuer \u00e0 soutenir le Shogun. Ils d\u00e9missionn\u00e8rent de l\u2019arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise et partirent pour le Nord du Japon avec ce qu\u2019il en restait, dans l\u2019espoir d\u2019y organiser une contre-attaque. Jean Marlin et Fran\u00e7ois Bouffier devinrent instructeurs de l\u2019infanterie dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e du shogun, Arthur Fortant quant \u00e0 lui, \u00e9tait instructeur de l\u2019artillerie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JulesBrunetAlone.jpg\" alt=\"Jules Brunet\" class=\"wp-image-13385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JulesBrunetAlone.jpg 443w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JulesBrunetAlone-166x300.jpg 166w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><figcaption>Jules Brunet, alias Nathan Algen ?<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, avant d\u2019intervenir au Japon, il n\u2019a pas servi aux \u00c9tats-Unis contre les Indiens mais au Mexique lors de l\u2019exp\u00e9dition men\u00e9e par Napol\u00e9on III qui d\u00e9buta en 1861 et les sc\u00e8nes de gu\u00e9rilla contre les populations civiles ne sont pas comparables \u00e0 ce que fut le si\u00e8ge de Puebla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sc\u00e8ne fictive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Par ailleurs, le film contient une sc\u00e8ne purement fictive au cours de laquelle le h\u00e9ros doit faire face \u00e0 une violente attaque de ninjas, ces mercenaires aussi appel\u00e9s shinobi et souvent employ\u00e9s par les familles nobles, \u00e9taient sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans les missions d\u2019infiltration et d\u2019\u00e9limination. Ils \u00e9taient certes, les ennemis jur\u00e9s des samoura\u00efs dont ils ignoraient totalement le code d\u2019honneur : le Bushido (2), mais Jules Brunet n\u2019a jamais eu \u00e0 se battre contre eux durant son s\u00e9jour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jules et Nathan, un rapprochement coh\u00e9rent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En outre, le r\u00e9alisateur s\u2019attache \u00e0 conserver quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments attest\u00e9s. Si dans le film Nathan Algren appara\u00eet fascin\u00e9 par la culture nippone au point de noter sur un carnet ses impressions, il en \u00e9tait de m\u00eame pour Jules Brunet qui gardera toute sa vie une grande admiration pour le Japon et qui dessinait des soldats du shogunat \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode ou les \u0153uvres des peintres Hiroshigue et Hokusa\u00ef \u00e9taient encore bien mal connues en Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, dans Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef, Nathan Algren aurait d\u00e9finitivement d\u00e9pos\u00e9 les armes puis se retire paisiblement dans la nature, en fait rentr\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris, Brunet re\u00e7oit un bl\u00e2me r\u00e9glementaire pour ing\u00e9rence dans les affaires politiques d\u2019un pays \u00e9tranger. Pour autant, il participera encore \u00e0 la guerre franco-allemande \u00e0 Metz o\u00f9 il sera fait prisonnier puis \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression de la Commune de Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1 \u2013 Cf. Encyclop\u00e9die des arts martiaux de l\u2019extr\u00eame orient de Roland Habersetzer<br>2 \u2013 Cf. Encyclop\u00e9die des arts martiaux de l\u2019extr\u00eame orient de Roland Habersetzer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le film d\u2019Edward Zwick Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef, dans lequel l\u2019acteur Tom Cruise tient le r\u00f4le principal est une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans le cin\u00e9ma de genre d\u2019arts martiaux notamment depuis ceux d\u2019Akira Kurosawa. Ce film magnifique aux impressionnantes sc\u00e8nes d\u2019actions est tir\u00e9 de faits existants, mais n\u2019est cependant pas une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sur le plan&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/blog\/2020\/06\/04\/qui-etait-tom-cruise-dernier-samourai\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[206,16,182,6],"tags":[54,139,421,119,55,241,293,419,420],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qui \u00e9tait Tom Cruise dans \u00ab Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef \u00bb ? - MMArtial<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Dernier Samoura\u00ef est un classique du cin\u00e9ma avec des sc\u00e8nes magnifiques. 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