{"id":786,"date":"2017-02-05T15:14:41","date_gmt":"2017-02-05T14:14:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/?p=786"},"modified":"2018-09-20T11:27:07","modified_gmt":"2018-09-20T09:27:07","slug":"origine-du-pancrace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/blog\/2017\/02\/05\/origine-du-pancrace\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;origine du Pancrace"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le pancrace ?<\/h1>\n<p>Le <strong>pancrace<\/strong>, appel\u00e9 en grec ancien\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pancrace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>pankr\u00e1tion<\/i><\/a>, est un sport de combat <strong>grec<\/strong> qui regroupe plusieurs disciplines d&rsquo;affrontement. Ce sport \u00e9tait populaire et pratiqu\u00e9 lors des <strong>Jeux Olympiques<\/strong> antiques en Gr\u00e8ce. A l&rsquo;origine, pratiquement tous les coups \u00e9taient autoris\u00e9s, sauf les techniques d&rsquo;arrachage de yeux et de morsures. Les pratiquants se livraient donc des combats sanglants et brutaux.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6373\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pankration.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6373\" class=\"wp-image-6373 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/banniere_600-4.jpg\" alt=\"Origine du Pancrace\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/banniere_600-4.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/banniere_600-4-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6373\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/legalcode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Licence<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p><div class='code-block code-block-6' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'>\n<style>\n@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {\n .tabknock td {\n    display: block;\n  }\n}\n.div-para {\nmargin: 0 0 10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:3px solid #cc2626; padding: 0 10% 0 10%; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius:10px; table-layout: fixed;\">\n<table class=\"tabknock\" style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom:15px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left; color: #3a3a3a; font-size: 28px !important; font-family: ABeeZee, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-top:20px; text-transform:capitalize; line-height: 120%;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>CIRCUIT DE 23 MINUTES<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 200px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 6px 20px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19);\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/KNOCKOUT-program-affiche-200x300.png\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 10%; vertical-align: middle; 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Le pancrace a sans doute \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit aux Jeux Olympiques aux alentours de 650 avant J-C.<\/p>\n<h1>Pugilat, le cousin du pancrace<\/h1>\n<p>Le pugilat est une forme de <strong>boxe<\/strong> pratiqu\u00e9e en Gr\u00e8ce antique. Un sport qui peut \u00eatre compar\u00e9 \u00e0 la boxe de nos jours, sauf qu&rsquo;\u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il y avait bien moins de <strong>r\u00e8gles<\/strong>. On ne pouvait pas compter sur des cat\u00e9gories de poids, ni de ring, et encore moins de rounds d\u00e9limitant la dur\u00e9e de l&rsquo;affrontement.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5558\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5558\" class=\"wp-image-5558 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Boxing_scene_Louvre_G384.jpg\" alt=\"Pugilat\" width=\"720\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Boxing_scene_Louvre_G384.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Boxing_scene_Louvre_G384-281x300.jpg 281w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Boxing_scene_Louvre_G384-600x640.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5558\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Marie-Lan Nguyen \/\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Boxing_scene_Louvre_G384.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Wikimedia<\/a> \/\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.5\/legalcode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Licence<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s les \u00e9crits, il y avait peu de KO lors des combats de pugilat. Mais les combattants souffraient fr\u00e9quemment de <strong>blessures sanglantes<\/strong>, souvent dues aux protections qu&rsquo;ils portaient. Leurs mains \u00e9taient donc envelopp\u00e9es dans le <strong>ceste<\/strong>. Il s&rsquo;agissait de gants con\u00e7us avec des lani\u00e8res en cuir parfois garnis de lamelles de plomb.<\/p>\n<p>Le pugilat \u00e9tait d\u00e9crit comme \u00e9tant un sport de combat plus <strong>violent<\/strong> et plus <strong>sanglant<\/strong> que son cousin le pancrace.<\/p>\n<h1>Histoire<\/h1>\n<h2>Art martial antique<\/h2>\n<p>Selon les \u00e9crits, <strong>Th\u00e9s\u00e9e<\/strong>, r\u00e9put\u00e9 pour ses qualit\u00e9s de combattant, aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 promouvoir ce m\u00e9lange de pugilat et de lutte. Il serait selon toute vraisemblance l&rsquo;un des acteurs \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine du pancrace antique.<\/p>\n<p>Donc, comme nous l&rsquo;avons vu plus haut, le pancrace combine le pugilat (travail de la boxe) et la lutte. Il s&rsquo;agit aussi de la <strong>derni\u00e8re discipline \u00e0 appara\u00eetre aux Olympiades<\/strong> et elle apparaissait sous deux formes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le <em>Kato Pankr\u00e0tion<\/em> : le combat continuait <strong>apr\u00e8s que l&rsquo;adversaire soit tomb\u00e9 au sol<\/strong>. Une forme de combat tr\u00e8s proche du MMA.<\/li>\n<li>Le <em>Ano Pankr\u00e0tion<\/em> : le combat \u00e9tait arr\u00eat\u00e9\u00a0une fois que l&rsquo;adversaire avait <strong>chut\u00e9<\/strong>, et les deux combattants reprenaient debout. On pratiquait cette forme de pancrace lors des pr\u00e9liminaires des Olympiades.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En conclusion, pour la pratique du pancrace, les combattants pouvaient <strong>agripper et administrer des coups<\/strong>. Le physique des guerriers pratiquant le pancrace \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s r\u00e9put\u00e9s, \u00e0 l&rsquo;instar d&rsquo;H\u00e9racl\u00e8s (Hercule) ; un h\u00e9ros et pratiquant de pancrace. On reconnaissait chez ces pratiquants un physique <strong>imposant<\/strong>, ainsi qu&rsquo;une excellente <strong>endurance<\/strong> et une grande\u00a0<strong>bravoure<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Sport de combat actuel<\/h2>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit en outre d&rsquo;un sport de combat encore pratiqu\u00e9 aujourd&rsquo;hui, avec des comp\u00e9titions et des r\u00e8gles bien d\u00e9finies. C&rsquo;est en fait une pratique <strong>tr\u00e8s proche du MMA<\/strong>, comme nous l&rsquo;avons vu plus haut, sauf pour les frappes au sol qui sont interdites en pancrace.<\/p>\n<h2>Combats<\/h2>\n<p>Donc le combat commence debout et chaque combattant porte des <strong>mitaines<\/strong> ou des gants MMA. Les coups de poings, coups de pieds, genoux et coudes sont autoris\u00e9es. Les frappes au visage doivent toutefois \u00eatre <strong>ma\u00eetris\u00e9es<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Les <strong>projections<\/strong>, les <strong>immobilisations<\/strong> et les <strong>soumissions<\/strong> sont autoris\u00e9s. Les combats peuvent alors \u00eatre gagn\u00e9s par d\u00e9cision des juges, soumission, \u00ab\u00a0hors d&rsquo;\u00e9tat de combattre\u00a0\u00bb, abandon, ou arr\u00eat du m\u00e9decin.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5433\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5433\" class=\"wp-image-5433 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mma-takedown.jpg\" alt=\"takedown en MMA\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mma-takedown.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mma-takedown-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mma-takedown-600x399.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5433\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peu de diff\u00e9rences sont en fait \u00e0 noter entre le MMA (ci-dessus) et le Pancrace.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>En France, les combats de pancrace sont tr\u00e8s souvent une alternative pour les combattants de MMA. En effet, la comp\u00e9tition de MMA \u00e9tant interdite en France, l&rsquo;alternative pankr\u00e0tion est souvent choisie pour <strong>combattre sur sol fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h1>Le MMA de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque<\/h1>\n<p>On peut effectivement comparer le <em>pankr\u00e0tion<\/em> de la Gr\u00e8ce antique au MMA actuel. On peut voir d&rsquo;ailleurs de nombreuses peintures et sculptures symbolisant des combattants m\u00e9langeant la lutte et les frappes. Le <strong>ground and pound<\/strong> issu du MMA \u00e9tait\u00a0donc d\u00e9j\u00e0 une mati\u00e8re pratiqu\u00e9e par nos anc\u00eatres grecques.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5559\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5559\" class=\"wp-image-5559 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/pankration_statue.jpg\" alt=\"Statue de pancrace\" width=\"640\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/pankration_statue.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/pankration_statue-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/pankration_statue-600x439.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5559\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pankratiasten_in_fight_copy_of_greek_statue_3_century_bC.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Wikimedia<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/legalcode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Licence<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>On peut aussi voir le travail des combattants sur la <strong>prise de dos<\/strong> comme en grappling et en jiu-jitsu br\u00e9silien. Je parle dans <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/blog\/2016\/11\/27\/origine-et-naissance-du-mma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cet article<\/a> des similitudes entre les deux disciplines.<\/p>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;un sport particuli\u00e8rement appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 lors des <strong>Olympiades<\/strong>, car il repr\u00e9sentait la <strong>quintessence<\/strong> du combat et des arts martiaux.<\/p>\n<h1>Conclusion<\/h1>\n<p>Pour conclure, le pancrace reste dans le domaine des arts martiaux mixtes <strong>l&rsquo;anc\u00eatre incontestable<\/strong>. De nombreux h\u00e9ros de la Gr\u00e8ce antique comme Th\u00e9s\u00e9e et Hercules \u00e9taient consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des champions de cette discipline liant force, bravoure et technique.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est encore aujourd&rsquo;hui un sport de combat pratiqu\u00e9 dans de nombreux pays, et une excellente <strong>alternative<\/strong> si l&rsquo;on souhaite pratiquer un m\u00e9lange de boxe, de lutte et de grappling. Il s&rsquo;agit aussi d&rsquo;une alternative au MMA si on ne souhaite pas toucher au domaine des frappes au sol. La grande diff\u00e9rence est ici entre le pancrace moderne et antique : les frappes au sol, qui \u00e9taient autoris\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n<p>Le pancrace est donc <strong>un sport de combat complet<\/strong> m\u00e9langeant de nombreux domaines d&rsquo;arts martiaux avec un gros patrimoine historique derri\u00e8re lui. Tout ce que j&rsquo;appr\u00e9cie dans une discipline martiale \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le pancrace ? Le pancrace, appel\u00e9 en grec ancien\u00a0pankr\u00e1tion, est un sport de combat grec qui regroupe plusieurs disciplines d&rsquo;affrontement. Ce sport \u00e9tait populaire et pratiqu\u00e9 lors des Jeux Olympiques antiques en Gr\u00e8ce. A l&rsquo;origine, pratiquement tous les coups \u00e9taient autoris\u00e9s, sauf les techniques d&rsquo;arrachage de yeux et de morsures. Les pratiquants se <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mmartial.com\/blog\/2017\/02\/05\/origine-du-pancrace\/\">   Lire la suite&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,6],"tags":[54,35,55,46,22,141,67,104,107,120],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tout savoir sur l&#039;origine et la pratique du pancrace - MMArtial<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Beaucoup d&#039;entre vous ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler du pancrace. 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